Studies have shown that T-cell cytokines play a pivotal role in both amplifying and attenuating vitamin D-mediated cathelicidin production.
Substance P Sensory nerve fibers Mast cells, macrophages, T-cells Cytokine release to induce inflammation, activate mast cells, and induce lymphocyte proliferation Induce vascular permeability.
The active form of vitamin D and its analogs have been shown to upregulate cathelicidin expression in cultured keratinocytes ,.